Artikel Tentang Psak 109_Akuntansi Zakat, Infaq Dan Shadaqah July 21, 2010

Upaya Meningkatkan Ekonomi Masyarakat Miskin Dengan Mengoptimalkan Zakat, Infaq Dan Shadaqah

Zakat adalah sedekah yang wajib dikeluarkan umat Islam menjelang akhir bulan Ramadhan, sebagai pelengkap ibadah puasa. Zakat merupakan salah satu rukun ketiga dari Rukun Islam. Menurut Psak No. 109, Zakat adalah harta yang wajib dikeluarkan oleh muzakki sesuai dengan ketentuan syariah untuk diberikan kepada yang berhak menerimanya (mustahiq).

Infaq adalah mengeluarkan harta yang mencakup zakat dan non zakat. Infaq ada yang wajib dan ada yang sunnah. Infaq wajib diantaranya adalah zakat, kafarat, dan nadzarl. Sedangkan Infak sunnah diantaranya adalah infak kepada fakir miskin sesama muslim, infak bencana alam, dan infak kemanusiaan. Menurut Psak No.109, Infak/sedekah adalah harta yang diberikan secara sukarela oleh pemiliknya, baik yang peruntukannya dibatasi (ditentukan) maupun tidak dibatasi

Shadaqah adalah pemberian harta kepada orang-orang fakir-miskin, orang yang membutuhkan, ataupun pihak-pihak lain yang berhak menerima shadaqah, tanpa disertai imbalan , tanpa paksaan, tanpa batasan jumlah, kapan saja dan berapapun jumlahnya. Shadaqah ini hukumnya adalah sunnah, bukan wajib. Karena itu, untuk membedakannya dengan zakat yang hukumnya wajib, para fuqaha menggunakan istilah shadaqah tathawwu’ atau ash shadaqah an nafilah (Az-Zuhaili 1996: 916). Sedang untuk zakat, dipakai istilah ash shadaqah al-mafrudhah (Az-Zuhaili 1996: 751).

B.01 Worksheet Group 1 February 3, 2010

Leader : Pandam Rukmi Wulandari (20207845)

Member :

• Delvita Dita Putri Anggrayni (20207269)
• Shelly Huzaynah (21207019)
• Sri Wahyu Handayani (21207047)
• Windy Atmawardani Rachman (21207174)

Object             : Manufacturing Accounts Payable Department

Klien               : Anthoni CPA

Item	Weaknesses	Strength	Recomendation
Otoritation	There’s no complete authorize (due date, prepared by  and agreed by)	_	Completely authorize page would be necessary thing to avoid error in authorizing.
Invoice	There’s  no invoice number	Prevent fictitious purchases.	Invoice number required.
Order Purchase	There’s no classification products related with it	1.   Prevent waste, because the purchase of goods that should not be necessary 2.   Preventing game prices can hurt the company.	Classification products needful.

A.02 Chapter 14 (14-29) February 3, 2010

14-29
A. By using nonstatistical sampling
Column	Planned Audit				Actual Result
	ARACR		TER		Sample Size				Population  Size		Number of Exception		SER		Calculate sampling Error
1	10		5%		200				5000		4		2%		3%
2	5		5%		200				5000		4		2%		3%
3	5		5%		50				5000		1		2%		3%
4	5		5%		200				50000		4		2%		3%
5	5		5%		100				500		2		2%		3%
6	5		5%		100				900		10		10%		-5%
7	5		5%		100				5000		0		0%		5%
8	5		5%		25				500		0		0%		5%
B. By using attributes sampling from the appropriate table
Column		Planned Audit										CUER
		ARACR		Population  Size		Sample Size		Number of Exception
1		10		5000		200		4				4.0
2		5		5000		200		4				4.6
3		5		5000		50		1				9.2
4		5		50000		200		4				4.6
5		5		500		100		2				6.2
6		5		900		100		10				16.4
7		5		5000		100		0				3.0
8		5		500		25		0				11.3
C.
1. Decrease in ARACR						CUER Increase
2. Decrease in Population Size						CUER Increase
3. Decrease in Sample size						CUER Increase
4. Decrease in number of exception						CUER Increase
D. Sample size and number of exception have the greatest effect on the CUER, population size has the least effect on the CUER
E. It is necessary to compare the CUER with the TER because the auditor need to analyze the individual exception to find the weakness of internal control For Complete document,click Chapter 14 (14-29)

A.02 Chapter 14 (14-28) February 3, 2010

14-28
A. By Using Judgement
Column	Planned Audit										Actual Result
	ARACR			TER			EPER				Population  Size		Initial Sample
1	10			6			2				1000		90
2	5			6			2				100000		120
3	5			5			2				6000		140
4	5			6			2				1000		100
5	10			20			8				500		50
6	10			20			2				500		40
7	5			2			0				1000000		180
B. By Using attributes sampling from the appropriate part of table 14-28
Column	Planned Audit												Initial Sample Size
	ARACR		TER			EPER			Population  Size
1	10		6			2			1000				88
2	5		6			2			100000				127
3	5		5			2			6000				181
4	5		6			2			1000				127
5	10		20			8			500				25
6	10		20			2			500				18
7	5		2			0			1000000				149
C.
1. An Increase in ARACR   =									Decrease in Initial Sample Size
2. An Increase in the TER    =									Decrease in Initial Sample Size
3. An Increase in the EPER     =									Increase in Initial Sample Size
4. An Increase in the population size =									Increase in Initial Sample Size
D. Because there are different in ARACR, TER and also there’s a huge different in Population Size
E. ARACR and TER have the greatest effect on the initial sample size and population size has the least effect on the initial sample size
F. Because the exceptions in the actual sample must be evaluated before it is possible to know whether the sample is sufficiently large to achieve the objectives of the test.

For complete document, click Chapter 14 (14-28)

A.01 Internet Problem (Worksheet 12) February 3, 2010

Windy Atmawardani Rachman (21207174)

SMAK01-7

Auditing 2

1. How does IT governance fit into an organization’s overall governance?

Answer :

IT governance fit into an organization’s overall governance by The certification has been specifically developed for professionals who have a significant management, advisory, or assurance role relating to the governance of IT. The certification promotes the advancement of professionals who wish to be recognized for their IT governance-related experience and knowledge.

The certification is also intended to support the growing business demands related to IT governance, increase the awareness and importance of IT governance good practices and issues and define the roles and responsibilities of the professionals performing IT governance work

Beside that This certification will benefit the individual, through recognition of their professional knowledge and competencies; skill-sets; abilities and experiences, and will enhance their professional standing. It will also add value to the enterprises they support through the demonstration of a visible commitment to excellence in IT governance practices.

Source: http://www.isaca.org/Template.cfm?Section=CGEIT_Certification&Template=/TaggedPage/TaggedPageDisplay.cfm&TPLID=16&ContentID=36126

2. The Executive Summary makes five recommendations for management with respect to IT. What are these recommendations?

Answer  :

Recommendations for management with respect to IT consist of :

• Establish an overall cross-functional compliance team and a dedicated sub team managed by a director level person. The team should be supported by C-level executives and include executive from finance, IT, legal, marketing and affected business units.
• Coordinate IT activities within the scope of an overall security and disaster recovery plan.
• Have Finance or Audit take final responsibility to ensure compliance with SOX. Marketing should take the lead on customer data usage decisions affecting privacy as well as the Do Not Call Registry. IT is one input to the whole process.

Source : http://74.125.153.132/search?q=cache:Nhv8GFfqsaMJ:searchcio.techtarget.com/searchCIO/downloads/C_Braunstein_EDITED.ppt+How+does+IT+governance+fit+into+an+organization%E2%80%99s+overall+governance&cd=2&hl=id&ct=clnk&gl=id&client=firefox-a

A.01 Internet Problem (Worksheet 11) February 3, 2010

Windy Atmawardani Rachman (21207174)

SMAK01-7

Auditing 2

1. What are three common pitfalls that should be avoided during brainstorming sessions? How can these problems be avoided?

Answer :

There are some common pitfalls that should be avoided during brainstorming sessions, such as Group domination, Social loafing, Groupthink and Groupshift.

• Group domination is one of the most corrosive problems. Because the goal of a brainstorming session is to have audit team members share thoughts and ideas, one or two participants dominating the process can quickly squelch the creative energies of the group as a whole, reducing the likelihood the team will identify any actual fraud risks.
• Social loafing, also called free-riding, is another potential pitfall of brainstorming activities. It occurs when participants disengage from the process, expecting that other team members will pick up the slack. Given their size and geographic dispersion, large audit teams may be particularly susceptible.
• Groupthink is another pitfall to avoid. This phenomenon occurs when team members become so concerned with reaching consensus that they fail to realistically evaluate all ideas or suggestions. Audit teams can be particularly susceptible to this as auditors generally are very sensitive to time/budget pressures.
• Groupshift is the fourth pitfall. While a purpose of brainstorming sessions is to help the audit team collectively arrive at conclusions about fraud risks, team leaders must exercise caution to avoid allowing the team to take an extreme position on fraud risk. With the recent emphasis on fraud detection, there is some cause for concern audit teams will assume the risks are high in all engagements.

A.01 Internet Problem (Worksheet 10) February 3, 2010

Windy Atmawardani Rachman (21207174)

SMAK01-7

Auditing 2

1. Use EDGAR to search for Tri-Valley Corporation (TVC) and Monarch Staffing Inc. Find TVC’s 10-K and Monarch’s 10-KSB for the year ended 12-31-06.

Answer :

• Tri Valley Corporation ( 10-K )

Source : http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/22551/000002255107000009/tvc123106-10k.htm

• Monarch Staffing Inc. ( 10-KSB )

Source : http://www.secinfo.com/d12PKm.u1p.htm#1stPage

2. Did either company report material weaknesses in ICFR? If so, what were the weaknesses?

Answer :

Yes, Tri valley Corporation report material weaknesses in ICFR, the weaknesses is reported as follow : related to controls over the accounting for complex transactions to Ensure such transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements and Disclosures in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Such transactions included: TVC reported deficiencies “related to the control of the complex accounting for the transaction to ensure that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements and disclosure in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted.

The transaction includes:

• Proved and unproved properties
• Loans guaranteed with restricted common stock, loans secured by restricted common stock
• Deferred income taxes, deferred income taxes
• Discontinued operations from the sale of our interest in Tri-Western Resources, and Stop operation from the sale of our interest in Tri-West
• Share-based payment arrangements, “Share-based payment arrangements”

A.01 Internet Problem (Worksheet 9) February 3, 2010

Windy Atmawardani Rachman (21207174)

SMAK01-7

Auditing 2

1. Imagine that you are employed as an auditor in a CPA firm that performs the audit of Microsoft. Your firm’s materiality guidelines indicate that overall engagement materiality should be set at an amount between five and ten percent of income before taxes.

a.  Apply your firm’s guidelines to Microsoft’s 2003 financial statements. What percentage of income before taxes do you believe is appropriate? Why? What do you believe overall engagement materiality should have been for 2003?

b.  Given Microsoft’s 2003 balance sheet, what asset line items would be allocated the highest amount of tolerable misstatement? Why?

Answer :

1. a.

• Percentage of income before taxes is 5% to 10% because Financial reporting reasonable is if not exceed misstatement materiality level.
• Overall engagement materiality should have been for 2003 is Determine the initial consideration of the materiality, Allocate   initial consideration of materiality to the segment, Estimated total errors in the segment, Estimate the combined error and Compare estimates with the combined initial consideration of the materiality.

A.01 Internet Problem (Worksheet 8) February 3, 2010

Windy Atmawardani Rachman (21207174)

SMAK01-7

Auditing 2

1. Internet Problem 8-1 (Industry Research and Client Acceptance)

The vignette at the beginning of Chapter 6 in the text contains a brief description of the ZZZZ Best fraud. One area where the auditors were particularly criticized in that audit had to do with the auditors’ lack of industry knowledge. With hindsight it appeared that the fraud should have been easily detected because ZZZZ Bests’ large restoration contracts were in excess of $7 million while the largest restoration jobs on record in the insurance restoration industry were less than $3 million.

You have been approached by On the Sunny Side, a team sports uniform designer and manufacturer for women, about performing the company’s financial statement audit. The company began operations eight years ago and has experienced strong growth in the last several years. Teri Kloth, the chief executive officer, has told you that her company expects production in 2004 to be 450,000 units. She also provided summary historical financial and operating data regarding unit sales. In   2002 and 2003, the company reported sales of 365,000 and 402,000 units,respectively.

Are On the Sunny Side’s 2002 and 2003 unit sales reasonable? Why or why not? (Hint: Visit the U.S. Census Bureau’s web site. Once you are at the site, go to the “Business” section and then to the “Manufacturing” sector-specific data section. Once you are there, locate the Current Industrial Reports. Next search the CIRs by Subject Title for Apparel. Data about women’s team sports uniforms can be found by search for “Apparel.” Use the most current annual report for your analysis.

Answer :

My analysis about the Sunny Side’s 2002 and 2003 unit sales is reasonable because according the result from most current annual report show significant increase in every year.

Source : http://www.census.gov/manufacturing/cir/historical_data/mq315a/index.html

A.01 Internet Problem (Worksheet 7) February 3, 2010

Windy Atmawardani Rachman (21207174)

SMAK01-7

Auditing 2

1. Read about ACL’s solution for data quality and fraud detection. How might an auditor use ACL’s data analytics software for these two purposes?

Answer :

ACL technology helps detect and prevent fraud by allowing organizations to:

• Test 100 percent of transactions
• Quickly access data from any source
• Flag all suspicious activity
• Automate testing to free up resources for more strategic investigations
• Summarize fraud risks for management review

Source : http://www.acl.com/solutions/fraud_detection.aspx

2. How might ACL be used by a company to comply with the requirements related to internal control over financial reporting? Hint: Take a look at ACL’s Continuous Controls Monitoring software.

Answer :

By providing perpetual assessment of key controls and insight into transactions, continuous monitoring can help organizations quickly identify issues that significantly impact the bottom line.

ACL’s new business assurance platform offers the ability to close the loop on audit findings.  AX Exception enables exceptions found by audit to be passed seamlessly to the business stakeholders responsible for determining the cause, and correcting the control exceptions. ACL consultants help configure the product to monitor an organization’s entire remediation process, and escalate exceptions when appropriate.

ACL AuditExchange 2 allows organizations to Detect and prevent fraud, waste and errors, Identify segregation of duties issues, Gain prompt notification of control breaches And Drill down to exceptions for quick resolution.

Source : http://www.acl.com/solutions/continuous_monitoring.aspx